The main cause of tardive dyskinesia is long-term use of dopaminergic antagonist medications (antipsychotic medications).
Dopamine antagonists that can cause tardive dyskinesia include:
- Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)
- Butyrophenones: droperidol (Inapsine), haloperidol (Haldol), dibenzodiazepines [such as clozapine (Clozaril)], loxapine (Loxitane)
- Diphenylbutylpiperidines: pimozide (Orap)…