Tardive dyskinesia (TD) was first identified in the 1950s as involuntary oral and facial movements linked to prolonged chlorpromazine use. Over time, clinicians recognized a broader range of dopamine receptor blocking agent (DRBA)-induced movement disorders—including chorea, dystonia, tremor, and non-motor symptoms—leading to the term “tardive syndrome” in the 1970s. Despite this evolution, inconsistent use of “TD” and “tardive syndrome” continues to complicate diagnosis, research, and treatment.

To address this, a Delphi consensus study with movement disorder neurologists and psychiatrists clarified the terminology. Most experts agreed that “tardive syndrome” should serve as the umbrella term, while “TD” should refer specifically to the classic oral-buccal-lingual presentation. Although not unanimous, 80% to 90% supported the distinction. The findings underscore the need for broader education and standardized diagnostic criteria to promote consistent usage and improve care for patients with DRBA-induced movement disorders.

Reference: Frei K, Scott A, Caroff SN, et al. Tardive dyskinesia versus tardive syndrome. What is in a name? Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2025;133:107295. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107295.