Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder caused by prolonged use of dopamine receptor-blocking agents, such as antipsychotic medications. While often irreversible, TD can severely impact a patient’s emotional, social, and professional life. Diagnosis requires symptoms lasting at least a month and at least three months of neuroleptic exposure. Early detection is crucial, as treatment options like switching medications or using vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) inhibitors can help manage symptoms.

A case study of a 58-year-old woman with schizophrenia, Ms. P, highlights the importance of early intervention in TD. After developing abnormal movements due to long-term use of haloperidol, Ms. P was diagnosed with TD using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Her treatment plan included switching to a VMAT-2 inhibitor, which effectively controlled her symptoms without significant side effects. This case demonstrates that while TD can be distressing and disabling, treatment options are available to improve quality of life. Comprehensive monitoring and tailored treatment strategies, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, are vital to managing TD effectively.

Reference: Daneshvari NO, Vyas CM, Lim CS, et al. Tardive dyskinesia: etiology, prevention, and management. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2024;26(6):24f03706.